Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China

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Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (2)

　 SECTION　　2　　PREPARATION　 FOR　 A　CRIME,　CRIMINAL　ATTEMPT　AND
DISCONTINUATION OF A CRIME
　　　 Article　19.　Preparation　for　a crime refers to the preparation
of the instruments or the creation of the conditions for a crime.
　 An　 offender　 who　prepares　for　a　crime　may,　in comparison with
one　who　completed　 the　 crime,　 be　given　a　lighter　or mitigated
punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　　　 Article　 20.　 A　 criminal　attempt　refers　to a case where an
offender　has already　begun　to　commit　a　crime but is prevented from
completing it for reasons independent of his will.
　 An　 offender　 who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with
one who completed the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
　　　 Article　21.　Discontinuation　of　a crime refers to cases where,
in　the　process　 of　 committing　 a　 crime, the offender voluntarily
discontinues　the　crime　 or　voluntarily　and effectively prevents the
consequences of the crime from occurring.
　 An　 offender　 who　 discontinues　a　crime　shall　be　exempted from
punishment or be given a mitigated punishment.
SECTION 3 JOINT CRIMES
　　　 Article　 22.　 A　 joint　crime　refers　to an intentional crime
committed by two or more persons jointly.
　 A　 negligent　crime　committed　by　two or more persons jointly shall
not　be　punished　 as　 a　joint　crime; those who should bear criminal
responsibility　shall　be　individually punished according to the crimes
they have committed.
　　　 Article　 23.　A　principal　criminal　refers　to　any person who
organizes　and　leads　 a　 criminal　group　in　carrying　out　criminal
activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.
　 A　 principal　 criminal　 shall　be given a heavier punishment unless
otherwise stipulated in the Specific Provisions of this Law.
　　　 Article　 24.　An　accomplice　refers　to　any person who plays a
secondary or auxiliary role in a joint crime.
　 An　 accomplice　 shall,　in　comparison with a principal criminal, be
given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　　　　 Article　 25.　 A　 person　 who　is　compelled　or　induced　to
participate　in　a　crime　shall,　according to the circumstances of his
crime　and　in　comparison with　an　accomplice,　be　given　a mitigated
punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　　　 Article　 26.　 A　person who instigates others to commit a crime
shall　be　punished　 according　to　the role he has played in the joint
crime.　Anyone who instigates　a　person under the age of 18 to commit a
crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
　 If　 the　 instigated　 person　 has　 not　committed　the　instigated
crime, the instigator may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
CHAPTER III PUNISHMENTS
SECTION 1 TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS
　　　　 Article　　27.　 Punishments　 are　 divided　 into　 principal
punishments and supplementary punishments.
　　 Article 28. The principal punishments are as follows:
(1) Public surveillance;
(2) Criminal detention;
(3) Fixed-term imprisonment;
(4) Life imprisonment; and
(5) The death penalty.
　　 Article 29. The supplementary punishments are as follows:
(1) Fines;
(2) Deprivation of political rights; and
(3) Confiscation of property.
Supplementary punishments may be imposed independently.
　　　　 Article　 30.　Deportation　may　be　imposed　independently　or
supplementarily to a foreigner who commits a crime.
　　　 Article　 31.　 If　 a　victim　has suffered economic losses as a
result　of　a crime,　the　criminal　shall,　in　addition to receiving a
criminal　sanction　according　to law, be sentenced to make compensation
for the economic losses in the light of the circumstances.
　　　 Article　32.　If　the circumstances of a person's crime are minor
and　do　not　require　punishment,　he　may　be　exempted　from criminal
sanctions;　 however,　 he　　 may,　　according　　to　 the　 different
circumstances　 of　 each　 case,　 be reprimanded　or ordered to make a
statement　of　repentance, offer an apology, pay　compensation　for　the
losses　or　be　subject　to　administrative　sanctions　by the competent
department.
SECTION 2 PUBLIC SURVEILLANCE
　　　 Article　 33.　 The　 term　of　public　surveillance shall not be
less than three months and not more than two years.
　 Public　surveillance　shall　be　decided by the judgment of a people's
court and executed by a public security organ.
　　　　 Article　　34.　 A　 criminal　 who　 is　sentenced　to　public
surveillance　must　observe　 the　 following　rules　during the term in
which his sentence is being executed:
　 (1)　 observe　 laws　 and　 decrees,　 submit　to　supervision by the
masses and actively participate in collective productive labour or work;
　 (2)　 report　 regularly　 on　 his　 own　 activities　 to　the organ
executing the public surveillance; and
　 (3)　 report　 and　obtain　approval　from　the　organ　executing　the
public　surveillance　for　any change in residence or departure from the
area.
　 Criminals　 sentenced　 to public surveillance shall, while engaged in
labour, receive equal pay for equal work.
　　　　 Article　 35.　 Upon　 the　expiration　of　a　term　of　public
surveillance,　the　executing　 organ　shall　immediately　announce　the
termination　 of　 public　surveillance　to　the　criminal　sentenced to
public surveillance and to the masses concerned.
　　　 Article　 36.　 A　term　of　public surveillance shall be counted
from　the　date　 the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is
held　in　custody　before　 the　 execution　 of　the judgment, each day
spent in custody shall be considered as two days of the term sentenced.
SECTION 3 CRIMINAL DETENTION
　　　 Article　 37. A term of criminal detention shall not be less than
15 days and not more than 6 months.
　　　 Article　 38.　 Where　 a　 criminal　is　sentenced　to　criminal
detention,　his　sentence shall be executed by the public security organ
in the vicinity.
　 During　 the　 period　of　execution, a criminal sentenced to criminal
detention　may　 go　home for one to two days each month; an appropriate
remuneration may be given to those who participate in labour.
　　　 Article　 39.　A term of criminal detention shall be counted from
the　date　the　 judgment　begins　to　be　executed;　if the criminal is
held　in　custody　before　the　execution　of　the　judgment,　each　day
in　custody　shall be considered as one day of the term sentenced.
SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT